运输 技术 and Innovation

The term “electric vehicle” includes 插电式混合动力车, battery electric vehicles, fuel cell technologies—all of which are at least partially powered by electricity. 电力驱动可以用来驱动乘用车、公共汽车，甚至是大型拖拉机拖车.

As an energy source, electricity is cleaner and cheaper than oil, even when the power comes from the dirtiest coal-dominated grid. More than seventy percent 越来越多的人生活在电动汽车比50英里/加仑的汽油车更清洁的地方.

为了一个避免617888九五至尊娱乐变化最坏影响的战斗机会, 美国需要摆脱对石油的依赖，改用大多数汽车的电动化, 卡车, buses by mid-century.

最近的一些创新——统称为“新移动性”——可能会从根本上改变人和货物的移动方式，对安全产生深远的影响, 股本, the environment.

Self-driving cars (也被称为“无人驾驶汽车”或“自动驾驶汽车”)至少部分由计算机控制. If deployed thoughtfully, powered by electricity, self-driving cars could improve road safety, increase access, decrease emissions, among other benefits—but it’s a big “if.”

Ride-hailing services 像优步和Lyft为人们提供了一个方便的出行选择, but as currently used may actually increase congestion and emissions. 增加拼车和向电动汽车过渡可以确保网约车服务将我们推向更好的方向.

这些新技术是否会带来积极或消极的影响将取决于管理其部署的策略.

Also known as “fuel economy,燃油效率是衡量车辆每单位燃料能行驶多远的标准. In the United States, this is expressed as “miles per gallon” (mpg).

Fuel efficient vehicles require less gas to go a given distance. When we burn less gas, we cut global warming emissions and produce less pollution, while spending less on gas—a 那么多.

提高美国汽车的燃油效率是我们减少国家石油消耗所能采取的最重要的一步. 在美国，汽车制造商被要求满足某些车队的要求 fuel economy and pollution standards, though the standards face 攻击 from lobbyists and special interests.

50年来, from 1958 to 2007, 石油提供了美国95%以上的运输能源. 但自2008年以来, oil’s share has fallen, the use of cleaner alternative fuel has grown—including ethanol, 生物柴油, more recently 甲烷, (or “biogas”) and electricity.

虽然这些替代燃料通常比汽油和柴油污染少, maximizing their benefits depends on how they are produced. 就像使用可再生能源的电动汽车比使用燃煤电力的汽车更清洁一样, biofuels produced from waste materials, or grown using sustainable farming practices, can maximize climate benefits and minimize negative impacts.